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4- Amplifier Distortion

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Amplifier Distortion Amplifier Distortion can take on many forms such as Amplitude, Frequency and Phase Distortion due to Clipping. For a signal amplifier to operate correctly without any distortion to the output signal, it requires some form of DC Bias on its Base or Gate terminal. A DC bias is required so that the amplifier can amplify the input signal over its entire cycle with the bias “Q-point” set as near to the middle of the load line as possible. The bias Q-point setting will give us a “Class-A” type amplification configuration with the most common arrangement being the “Common Emitter” for Bipolar transistors or the “Common Source” configuration for unipolar FET transistors. The Power, Voltage or Current Gain, (amplification) provided by the amplifier is the ratio of the peak output value to its peak input value (Output ÷ Input). However, if we incorrectly design our amplifier circuit and set the biasing Q-point at the wrong position on the load line or apply too...
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10- Amplifier Classes

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Amplifier Classes Amplifiers are classified into classes according to their construction and operating characteristics Not all amplifiers are the same and there is a clear distinction made between the way their output stages are configured and operate. The main operating characteristics of an ideal amplifier are linearity, signal gain, efficiency and power output but in real world amplifiers there is always a trade off between these different characteristics. Generally, large signal or power amplifiers are used in the output stages of audio amplifier systems to drive a loudspeaker load. A typical loudspeaker has an impedance of between 4Ω and 8Ω, thus a power amplifier must be able to supply the high peak currents required to drive the low impedance speaker. One method used to distinguish the electrical characteristics of different types of amplifiers is by “class”, and as such amplifiers are classified according to their circuit configuration and method of operation. T...
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What is RMS (Root Mean Square)?

RMS (Root Mean Square) What is the full form of RMS? In a direct current (DC) circuit, voltage or current is simple to define, but in an alternating current (AC) circuit, the definition is more complicated, and can be done in several ways.  Root-mean-square  (rms) refersto the most common mathematical method of defining the effective voltage or current of an AC wave. How to calculate RMS Then the  RMS  voltage (V RMS ) of a sinusoidal waveform is determined by multiplying the peak voltage  value  by 0.7071, which is the same as one divided by the square root of two ( 1/√2 ). RMS Value Formula The  RMS value  is the effective  value  of a varying voltage or current. It is the equivalent steady DC (constant)  value  which gives the same effect. For example, a lamp connected to a 6V  RMS  AC supply will shine with the same brightness when connected to a steady 6V DC supply. Why RMS Value...
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