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16- Common Collector Amplifier

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Common Collector Amplifier Common Collector Amplifiers produce an output voltage across its emitter load which is in-phase with the input signal The  Common Collector Amplifier  is another type of bipolar junction transistor, (BJT) configuration where the input signal is applied to the base terminal and the output signal taken from the emitter terminal. Thus the collector terminal is common to both the input and output circuits. This type of configuration is called Common Collector, (CC) because the collector terminal is effectively “grounded” or “earthed” through the power supply. In many ways the common collector configuration (CC) is the reverse of the common emitter (CE) configuration as the connected load resistor is changed from the collector terminal for R C  to the emitter terminal for R E . The common collector or grounded collector configuration is commonly used where a high impedance input source needs to be connected to a low impedance output l...
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11- Transistor Biasing

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Transistor Biasing Transistor Biasing is the process of setting a transistors DC operating voltage or current conditions to the correct level so that any AC input signal can be amplified correctly by the transistor A transistors steady state of operation depends a great deal on its base current, collector voltage, and collector current and therefore, if a transistor is to operate as a linear amplifier, it must be properly biased to have a suitable operating point. Establishing the correct operating point requires the proper selection of bias resistors and load resistors to provide the appropriate input current and collector voltage conditions. The correct biasing point for a bipolar transistor, either NPN or PNP, generally lies somewhere between the two extremes of operation with respect to it being either “fully-ON” or “fully-OFF” along its load line. This central operating point is called the “Quiescent Operating Point”, or  Q-point  for short. When a bi...
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10- Amplifier Classes

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Amplifier Classes Amplifiers are classified into classes according to their construction and operating characteristics Not all amplifiers are the same and there is a clear distinction made between the way their output stages are configured and operate. The main operating characteristics of an ideal amplifier are linearity, signal gain, efficiency and power output but in real world amplifiers there is always a trade off between these different characteristics. Generally, large signal or power amplifiers are used in the output stages of audio amplifier systems to drive a loudspeaker load. A typical loudspeaker has an impedance of between 4Ω and 8Ω, thus a power amplifier must be able to supply the high peak currents required to drive the low impedance speaker. One method used to distinguish the electrical characteristics of different types of amplifiers is by “class”, and as such amplifiers are classified according to their circuit configuration and method of operation. T...
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